Depression is associated with a multitude of pathological processes, including inflammation of the peripheral immune system, a set of biological structures and processes in the lymph nodes and other tissues that protect against disease and abnormalities involving synapses, the structures that permit neurons to pass an electrical or chemical signal to other neurons.
However, currently available antidepressants are largely restricted to targeting the systems that regulate serotonin, dopamine, and other related neurotransmitters, and these treatments do not specifically address inflammation and synaptic maladaptations that are now known to be associated with major depressive disorder .
Previous research has found that grape-derived polyphenols have some efficacy in modulating aspects of depression, yet the mechanisms of action had largely remained unknown until now. The new study found that a bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation from grape was effective in promoting resilience against stress-induced depression in mice.
Specifically, the researchers found that two grape-derived compounds dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) and malvidin-3′-O-glucoside (Mal-gluc) can promote resilience in mouse models of depression by modulating inflammation and synaptic plasticity, respectively.
“Our research shows that combination treatment with the two compounds can promote resilience against stress-mediated depression-like phenotype by modulating systemic inflammatory responses and brain synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of depression,” said Jun Wang, Associate Professor at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
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